{
  "query": {
    "country": "GB",
    "product": "milk"
  },
  "status": "ok",
  "price": {
    "currency": "GBP",
    "unit": "per litre",
    "value": 0.38454,
    "measure": "average",
    "median": null,
    "typical_low": null,
    "typical_high": null,
    "min": null,
    "max": null
  },
  "sample_size": null,
  "period": {
    "from": "2026-09-01",
    "to": "2026-09-30"
  },
  "confidence": "high",
  "price_type": "official_statistic",
  "statistic": {
    "measure": "average",
    "reference_period": "2026-09",
    "note": "A monthly UK average of the price farmers received for milk in September 2026, net of delivery charges: not a sale, not a contract and not a shop price. Defra marks the latest month (September 2026) as provisional; it can be revised."
  },
  "as_of": "2026-11-04T01:02:34.104Z",
  "source": {
    "id": "gb-defra-milk",
    "name": "United Kingdom milk prices and composition of milk (Defra monthly statistics)",
    "publisher": "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)",
    "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
    "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
    "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: Defra, United Kingdom milk prices and composition of milk.",
    "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-milk-prices-and-composition-of-milk"
  },
  "method": "United Kingdom (farm-gate milk): Defra's monthly statistics on UK milk prices and composition, from its compulsory monthly survey of dairies. We read the spreadsheet Defra publishes, take the newest month and pass on the published UK average price farmers received, with the change on the month before and a year earlier that we calculate from two published averages; it is a monthly average net of delivery charges, not a sale, a contract or a shop price, and no range is calculated.",
  "method_url": "https://proofprice.com/method",
  "summary": "UK farmers received on average 38.45 pence per litre (£0.385) for milk in September 2026, as published by Defra (a monthly average, not a shop price), provisional. That is 15.63% lower than a year earlier (45.58 pence in September 2025). Official average published by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) for 2026-09.",
  "notice": "Information, not a valuation or offer. Ranges describe past recorded prices.",
  "extra": {
    "country_name": "United Kingdom",
    "product": {
      "definition": "Milk delivered by UK producers to dairies, average price received (pence per litre, net of delivery charges)",
      "asked_for": "milk"
    },
    "unit": {
      "value_unit": "GBP per litre",
      "published_wording": "pence per litre",
      "pence_per_litre": 38.45
    },
    "what_this_is": "Monthly UK average price received by dairy farmers, published by Defra. Not a sale, not a contract and not a shop price.",
    "reference_month": "2026-09",
    "reference_month_label": "September 2026",
    "provisional": true,
    "change_on_previous_month": {
      "reference_month": "2026-08",
      "pence_per_litre": 36.68,
      "change_percent": 4.84,
      "change_pence": 1.78
    },
    "change_on_year_earlier": {
      "reference_month": "2025-09",
      "pence_per_litre": 45.58,
      "change_percent": -15.63,
      "change_pence": -7.12
    },
    "last_12_months": [
      {
        "month": "2025-10",
        "pence_per_litre": 45.3
      },
      {
        "month": "2025-11",
        "pence_per_litre": 42.45
      },
      {
        "month": "2025-12",
        "pence_per_litre": 39.55
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-01",
        "pence_per_litre": 37.32
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-02",
        "pence_per_litre": 35.61
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-03",
        "pence_per_litre": 35.13
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-04",
        "pence_per_litre": 34.51
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-05",
        "pence_per_litre": 34.4
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-06",
        "pence_per_litre": 34.89
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-07",
        "pence_per_litre": 35.24
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-08",
        "pence_per_litre": 36.68
      },
      {
        "month": "2026-09",
        "pence_per_litre": 38.45
      }
    ],
    "composition": {
      "volume_million_litres": 1197.9,
      "butterfat_percent": 4.41,
      "protein_percent": 3.54
    },
    "dataset": {
      "name": "United Kingdom milk prices and composition of milk - dataset",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-milk-prices-and-composition-of-milk",
      "published": "2026-10-29"
    }
  },
  "answer_id": "ans_cc5b6a27754b83342917",
  "method_version": "1",
  "retrieved_at": "2026-11-04T01:02:34.104Z",
  "evidence": {
    "type": "official_statistic",
    "label": "Official published average",
    "meaning": "One average or median that a statistics office or regulator publishes for a reference period: it describes a group, not a distribution, and says nothing about any single price."
  },
  "reliability": "official_median_no_count",
  "data_as_of": "2026-09-30",
  "data_age_days": 35,
  "suggestions": [
    "This is one published figure (an average, median, index or listed price) with no record count: use it as a reference point, not as a range of what individuals paid.",
    "For a decision on a specific job or purchase, ask for an itemised quote."
  ]
}